Speech – Back to the Future: The Winged Gospel
Administrator Stephen Dickson
Washington, DC
Remarks As Delivered
Good afternoon everyone, and thank you for attending today.
You know, watching that video makes me appreciate all the progress weve made in aerospace in a relatively short few years, and how fast were moving into the future.
It occurs to me that children born today, when they become teenagers, will think that getting their prescriptions or pizza dropped off at the house by a small delivery drone, is just the way its always been.
And when commuting into the city, or across town, theyll do what they think folks have done foreverorder up an autonomous electric flying taxi on their smart phone, and hop in without a care in the world for their safety.
Same goes for one day booking a regional flight on an ultra-efficient hybrid-electric passenger plane, taking a supersonic airliner to Europe, or perhaps a suborbital commercial flight to Singapore.
What well see as amazing progress, theyll write off as the everyday travel grind.
But thats a good thing! If you can thoughtfully and safely integrate new forms of transportation into the national aerospace systemand hardly anyone takes noticethat is great news.
We as regulators, however, have to notice everything. That transportation futurewhich we know is no longer just in the realm of science fictionkeeps us awake at night. Theres so much promise from innovation and technology, but at the same time, so much potential for problems if we dont get it right. So we have no choicewe need to get it right.
Our job at the FAA is to strike the right balance. We have to integrate these fast-moving, sometimes breathtaking, technologies that are transforming the aviation sector in a way that meets our missionto provide the safest, most efficient aviation system possible for the American public, one the world will continue to hold up as the gold standard for safety.
Youll be happy to know that weve thought about this, deeply, and that we have many strategies in motion. At the 60,000-foot level, well succeed by sticking to our cores values of safety, through integrity, innovation, and our workforce. At the ground level, well be preachinginternally and externallya winged gospel about how to take safety to the next level by following best practices in Just Culture, Big Data, Global Leadership, and People.
I mention the phrase winged gospel as an homage to Robert Hinckley, a distinguished aviation regulator from the early 1940s. Hinckley was responsible for the Civil Aeronautics Authority and foresaw a great demand for what aviation could offer.
The government at the time was, in many ways, in the same predicament then that we at the FAA are in todayon the bow wave of innovation and new entrants that could rapidly transform how we travel. How would they ensure safety? Where would they find a new generation of skilled workers to propel its growth?
A staunch advocate himself, Hinckley is said to have preached a winged gospel that tapped into Americas near-religious enthusiasm for aviation. History has faced us with the plain alternative, he would say. Flyor perish! His solution? America had to become air-conditioned.
Now rest assured, we at the FAA are not looking to duplicate Hinckleys fly-or-perish marketing campaign. But I do see some potential in reviving his call for the nation to become air-conditioned. He defined it as a saturation of the American people in aviation skills and a general comprehension of the significance of aviation. Not a bad idea at all, in my humble opinion.
Our country, right now, is on the arc of an aerospace renaissance similar to that on which the government found itself in the early 1940s.
Our predecessors at the time had just seen the first flight of the Douglas DC-4 Skymaster and the Lockheed C-69, which later became the venerable Constellation.
These four-engine piston-powered transport planes would become the founding fathers of todays long-haul aircraft. Aviators then had also just witnessed the first flight of the Bell XP-59A, a wholly new type of aircraft a jet. We all know how that innovation turned out…
Fast forward nearly 80 years and think about the kinds of firsts we routinely witness on the technology front. Rocket boosters dropping vertically back to earth, thrusting to a halt on the launch pad; Beth Moses, the first woman to go to space on a commercially launched vehicleSpaceShipTwo; a drone delivering a human kidney, an angel flight that doctors described as One small hop for a drone; one major leap for medicine.
And lets not forget first flights of several new commercial airliners that offer double-digit fuel reductions over previous generations. We all know that cutting fuel burnand our carbon footprint is a major design concern for everyone going forward.
I think its fair to say government and industry have made groundbreaking progress in fuel economy through aircraft and engine design, as well as through our air traffic management modernization initiatives and the approval of six drop-in alternative fuels for commercial use. Consider that todays fleet of aircraft in the U.S. already has an average fuel efficiency of nearly 60 passenger-miles per gallon, on par with the Toyota Prius hybrid…but much faster.
Speaking of faster…airframers are eyeing a potential renaissance in supersonic civil aircraft, and startup civil space companies are looking to connect New York and Shanghai in less than 40 minutes. How many of those kids born this year will, in their lifetimes, take a suborbital ride, maybe as a 50th birthday gift, or heck, maybe even for their 21st! Its coming. Commercial space launch activity in general has ramped up tenfold in just a few years.
In the unmanned sector, its a pretty safe bet there are first flights every day. And Im not talking so much about novel aircraft, but first flights of new applications.
We are seeing these innovative applications in many cases through our Integration Pilot Program, which Secretary Chao launched in 2018.
Our operations-first strategy allows us to take the lessons learned from these initiatives and write better rules for integratingnot segregatingdrones into our nations airspace.
Of course, the FAA has to ensure that these new entrants are safe before they can take part in regular National Airspace System operations, and sometimes that does mean new regulations.
The FAA recently issued two notices of proposed rulemaking, one that will require drone operators to provide remote identification for their aircraft, and one that proposes how we will certify package delivery drones heavier than 55 lbs. We plan to finalize by years end, the remote ID rulea key enabler for beyond-visual-line-of-sight, or BVLOS, and the drone traffic management systems that weve been working on with NASA.
BVLOS is essential for Urban Air Mobility, or UAM, better known as flying taxis. According to my team, we are currently engaged with the builders of more than 15 electric vertical takeoff and landing UAM aircraft projects. In January, we saw North Americas first public demonstration of an autonomous two-seat flying taxian eHang EH216 taking flight in Raleigh, albeit with no passengers.
Were using a crawl, walk, run approach as we mature the aircraft technologies and air traffic management procedures to do this. And at this point, Ill note that were still in the crawling phase for both but making rapid progress.
Thats a lot of action, and were arguably far beyond what Mr. Hinckleys generation could have imagined. But just like back then, along with the promise, comes the potential challenges. Our job is to make sure that any aircraft or systems coming to market will meet the publics sky-high expectations for safety. If the public perceives a new entrant as unsafe, that business is simply not going to fly.
How do we meet those expectations? Along with sticking to the core value of safety, well be preaching the winged gospel of four themesJust Culture, Global Leadership, Big Data, and People.
Just Culture: Done correctly, a Just Culture will generate the data an operator or business needs to figure out whats really happening in their operation. If you know about safety risks you can mitigate the risks and fix the processes that led to those errors. Ill explain later in our Fireside Chat how Just Culture and other best practices will play a role in our work going forward beyond the Boeing 737 MAX.
Global Leadership: We at the FAA will lead globally by working with other authorities around the world to ensure we meet the publics expectations of the highest possible levels of safety.
Big Data: We must continue leaning into our role as a data-driven, risk-based decision-making oversight organization that prioritizes safety above all else.We do that in part by implementing Safety Management Systems supported by compliance programs.
And People: Its now time to show the next generation what incredible opportunities lie ahead for them in our field, both personally and professionally. Lets get them air-conditioned.
So thats my winged gospel for today. I look forward to working with everyone in this room and throughout the industry to bring to fruition the incredibly bright U.S. transportation future as safely, efficiently and sustainably as humanly possiblewhile remaining a model for the world to follow.
Thank you again for coming and listening, and now Ill answer some questions as we sit down for the Fireside Chat.
